Not surprisingly, the Modern Era was also when Existentialism came into prominence – a related philosophy in which human beings are expected to create their own meaning for existence. Some scholars see Modernism as a reaction to the practical and systematic sensibilities of Realism and Naturalism (Harmon 326). The individual takes pride of place while the social and outward are cast aside. Modernism rejects traditional values and assumptions. It is inner-self oriented, and that inner-self is often explored using a stream of consciousness manner. In literature, the Modernistic writing style is characterized by breaking with tradition. Theories by Sigmund Freud also had a powerful influence on this movement. In music, atonalism – that is, music which deliberately avoids key centers and is often dissonant – was produced by composers such as Arnold Schoenberg. In art and literature, Modernism paralleled the rise of industrial technology and advances in science. Forster's A Passage to India was published in 1924, placing it in the early years of the Modernist Period as well as within the Georgian Age (Harmon 597). Modernism refers to a classification of literature that was written between 19.
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